According to the free radical theory, aging is the result of oxidative injury, mainly to mitochondria, over the lifetime of an individual. Some of the oxidative damage cannot be entirely counteracted, which leads to cellular dysfunction. Mitochondrial membranes are very sensitive to free radical attack because of the presence of a double bond carbon- carbon in the lipid tails of its phospholipids, which leads to the production of cognitive and neurodegenerative disease. In vitro [1] and epidemiological [2] studies have pointed out the positive impact of natural extracted polyphenols on the incidence of age-related disorders, such as dementia. One study [3] has reported that Oleuropein decreases or even prevents Aβ aggregation, which is inherent to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The potential effect of Oleuropein on brain function in AD is analogous to atherosclerosis because they both are age-dependent diseases in which abnormal accumulation of a normal metabolite (cholesterol and Aβ, respectively) precedes clinical symptoms and leads to disease [4,5]. The link between heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, and AD [6] is due to similar mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders. The circumstantial evidence that cholesterol-related interventions can alter Aβ deposition [7,8] suggests that Oleuropein might be promising in the management of AD. Furthermore, the importance of inflammatory processes in the clinical manifestation of AD [9,10], combined with the epidemiological evidence of a protective effect of anti-inflammatory agents [11] against AD, suggest that a polyphenolic natural extract, such as Oleuropein, could prove effective against age-dependent disease. The diagrammatic representation of the neuroprotective role of Oleuropein is shown in Figure

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